Level-2 - Fixed Income - Equations/Formulas in structural and reduced form models of credit analysis

The above equations/formulas look quite complicated. How did you handle and remember these equations? Any guidance please? Thanks.

Check the LOS for that reading. I’m pretty sure they don’t specify that you need to know the formulas by heart, but you do need to know what are the differences between the two models and the assumptions each make.

Thanks Black8Mamba23 for the clarification, Will check out the LOS.