contradiction in share repurchase

CFA Level II Corporate Finance
#1

direct negotiation : purchase shares from major shareholder at premium over market price.

this is the solution for topic test : Research showed that 45% of private repurchases between 1984 and 2001 were actually made at discounts, indicating that many direct negotiation repurchases are generated by the liquidity needs of large investors who are in a weak negotiating position.

which one is correct?

#2

As always that mostly depends on how you look at it. Do you consider “greenmail” a repurchase from a major shareholder or not?

Also I hope the topic test quoted the relevant research: http://www.ucd.ie/t4cms/vermaelen.pdf