real interest rate vs nominal rate

CFA Level II
#1

I thought I had this simple concept down but was watching a Schweser lecture on SS 18 in which the instructor stated this relationship in a way that completely contradicted my understanding of the relationship. So once and for all. does the nominal rate approximately equal

  1. real rates + inflation or

  2. real rates - inflation?

#2

Should be first case : PLUS infaltion