Tips/Advice for recommending how Bonds affect financial statements?

This is the one area of FRA, that i am still struggling on. Remembering what the liability is, where the interest expense/ coupon payment is. Premium vs. discount at issuance, etc.

Below is a also a question.

Does anyone have any good tips/advice for remembering all of this stuff?

THANKS!

A bond is issued with an 8 percent semiannual coupon rate, 5 years to maturity, and a par value of $1000. What is the liability at the beginning of the third period if market interest rates are 10%?

Beginning liability of the third period = liability of the second period + difference in the cash payment and the interest expense for the third period.

Liability for the first period = present value of the bond present value of the bond is computed as follows: FV = 1000 PMT = [(1000)(0.08)]/2 = 40 I/Y = 5 N = 10 Compute PV = -923

Liability for the second period = 923 + [(0.05)(923) – 40] = 923 + 6 = 929

Liability for the third period = 929 + [(0.05)(929) – 40] = 929 + 6 = 935

you can solve it via TVM on BA II Plus, in 5 seconds

I use the HP12C…

Is this question answer incorrect? Why does the answer use .31%, when the tax rate does not change until year 4 and 5? The first part of the question asks for the DTL at the end of year three.

A dance club purchased new sound equipment for $25,352. It will work for 5 years and has no salvage value. Their tax rate is 41%, and their annual revenues are constant at $14,384. For financial reporting, the straight-line depreciation method is used, but for tax purposes depreciation is accelerated to 35% in years 1 and 2 and 30% in Year 3. For purposes of this exercise ignore all expenses other than depreciation.

Assume that the tax rate changes for years 4 and 5 from 41% to 31%. What will be the deferred tax liability as of the end of year three?

Answer:

Straight-line depreciation = $25,352 / 5 = $5,070. Income using straight-line depreciation = $14,384 − $5,070 = $9,314. Accelerated depreciation (years 1 and 2) = 0.35($25,352) = $8,873. Income (years 1 and 2) = $14,384 − $8,873 = $5,511. Accelerated depreciation (year 3) = 0.3($25,352) = $7,606. Income (year 3) = $14,384 − $7,606 = $6,778.

Deferred tax liability at the end of year three, after the change in the expected tax rate, will be $3,144:

DTL for year 1 = $1,178.93 = [($9,314 − $5,511)(0.31)]. DTL for year 2 = $1,178.93 = [($9,314 − $5,511)(0.31)]. DTL for year 3 = $786.16 = [($9,314 − $6,778)(0.31)] $1,178.93 + $1,178.93 + $786.16 = $3,144

Because the tax rate changes for years 4 and 5 from 41% to 31%, net income will have to be adjusted for financial reporting purposes in year three. What is the amount of this adjustment?

The deferred tax liability will decrease by $1,014 = ($4,158 − $3,144) due to the new lower tax rate. An adjustment of $1,014 in tax expense will result in an increase in net income by the same amount of $1,014. Deferred tax liability at the end of year 3 with tax rate of 41% = $4,158. Deferred tax liability at the end of year 3 with tax rate of 31% = $3,144.