Total value added and trading costs

CFA Level III
#1

I don’t understand why we should substract the trading costs when calculating the total value added by a manager.

Aren’t the manager returns calculated after substracting trading cost? To me it’s seem that we are substracting twice the trading costs.

#2

From my understanding, If there is an explicit trading cost component , then no .

#3

It’s usually already deducted, but if it’s given to you it means it hasn’t been yet.